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Riparian zones

Our forests contain a huge network of burns, lochs and rivers. We look after thousands of hectares of wetlands across Scotland.

These are important areas. They’re rich in biodiversity and contribute to our supply of drinking water. They also defend against flooding and contribute to local economies.

The areas along the banks of these watercourses are known as riparian zones.

Why is riparian woodland important?

Native woodland in the riparian zone is a vital part of the water ecosystem. It regulates the temperature of the water by providing dappled shade. The falling leaves and insects are important to the animals below.

Even when they die, these trees contribute to the environment. Rotting wood provides a good habitat for invertebrates. These provide food for fish and other aquatic life. Large branches and whole trees that fall into the water provide shelter for animals. They also help change the water flow, creating a variety of habitats on the riverbed.

Some of our most iconic species rely on healthy riparian and aquatic habitats, such as:

  • otters
  • ospreys
  • white-tailed eagles
  • Atlantic salmon
  • water voles
  • beavers

Restoring the riparian zone

Until the 1980s conifers were planted right up to the water’s edge.

The resulting deep shade and acidification upset the delicate chemistry of the water. Soil from forestry operations and road building blocked streams and rivers. Pollution from machinery became a problem too. 

Modern woodland management is now addressing these problems. Precious riparian woodland are now recognised for protecting:

  • species richness and diversity
  • water quality
  • climate mitigation

To do this our teams identify all the watercourses that need conservation in our land management plans. In the northern Highlands, for example, we plan to restore almost 5,000 hectares of riparian woodland. This will establish permanent buffers of native woodland and scrub up to 100 metres wide. This is important to give every watercourse the breathing space they need.

We’ve combined it with other conservation measures - such as the control of invasive non-native species (like rhododendron).